Maize is the most widely grown grain crop throughout america with 332 million metric tons per annum in us alone. This is 38% of total grain production, which amounts to 2,6 billion tons. Maize is the third most important cereal crop species in the world after wheat and. Maize also known as indian corn or simply as corn, is a food crop of considerable importance in many parts of the world, especially in the usa, which produces nearly 57 per cent or the total maize grown in the world as compared to about 1. Hybrid maize seed production manual 2 from thinning and topping and dry maize stalks and other residues can also be fed to animals. Response of maize to applied organic manures is notable and hence integrated nutrient management inm is very important nutrient management strategy in maize based production systems. Despite the fact that commercial maize farming has been in existence since time immemorial, this does not in any way make the industry to be over saturated. This all information that is required for any farmer or investor to grow maize or corn. Adaptability to diverse environmental conditions and grows from sea level to elevations of over 2400 meter above sea level from moisture.
However, the historic records regarding the cultivation of maize in india date back only to the maratha empire. Oct 05, 2011 maize has been identified as having a large potential for growth in production and profit for most farmers maize is the most widely grown crop in the americas with 332 million metric tons grown annually in the united states alone although 40% of the crop million tons is used for corn ethanol. This particular harvest and preservation technique also makes the production. Nyas publications the new york academy of sciences. Plant maize in late spring, around the first of may, for a delicious, late summer crop. During times of less maize production, and even in times of shortages, maize allocated for.
In this article we will discuss about the origin and cultivation of maize. The leafy stalk of the plant produces pollen inflorescences and separate ovuliferous inflorescences called ears that yield kernels or seeds, which are fruits. Maize is mainly used for animal feed, accounting for 67. Current maize production, postharvest losses and the risk. Dec 15, 2016 it is estimated that about 15 per cent of nigerias current maize produce goes for industrial use, due to its high starch content. Although maize is known as an agroversatile crop, ideal conditions are preferred for its optimum growth and productivity. Production, breeding and process of maize in china. May 02, 2020 the best methods of maize cultivation are conventional, conservation, reduced tillage and polyculture planting. There have been four principal and several minor theories regarding the origin of maize. It also includes the staple vegetative planting materials such as. Maize is also used in making ethanol and other biofuels. The maize plant depends largely on nature to shape its growth, development and yield. Maize is reasonably tolerant to soil acidity, but if the soil is very acid, liming will improve the soil and enhance maize yields.
Unesco eolss sample chapters soils, plant growth and crop production vol. So, you can get the good returns from the maize cultivation process. Especially maize is known as low in comparison to other developed countries. The result of fermentation is a mixture of water, ethanol, and residues. Maize is a major staple food crop grown in diverse agroecological zones and farming systems. Maize is one of the most important cereals of the world. Normally, up to 25 to 30 days in maize cultivation process, you can require less irrigation. Maize with a high percentage of translucent of hard endosperm is preferred by the dry milling industry, because it produces more of the popular highquality and highvalue products sought after than does soft maize. The reasons for such large adoption and expansion of maize cultivation in ethiopia include. The process technology makes it possible to variably control the cooking time for the maize meal from two to five minutes. Maize a growing problem maize is probably the most rapidly growing crop in the uk up from just 8,000 hectares in england in 1973 to 183,000 hectares in 2014. The reason for this is that all grains were called corn under early british and american trade and the name was retained for maize because it was the most common grain in commerce. History of maize in the western world, the term maize is used interchangeably with corn. The objective of this chapter is to ascertain the production and processing methods of maize.
One of the challenges of growing maize is that the best methods for cultivation usually depend on local conditions. Apr 27, 2015 maize or corn can be cultivated successfully in a variety of soils ranging from clay loam to sand loamy to black cotton soil. An overview of cultivation to processing abstract maize zea mays l. Large maize mill registered business process flow automated 1. Maize production in ghana, is predominantly done under rainfed conditions by poorly resourced smallholder farmers. Maize is thought to have originated at least 5000 years ago in the highlands of mexico, peru, ecuador, andor bolivia because of the great density of native forms found in the region. Monsantos experience and technology in corn maize has enabled the development of a manufacturing process compatible with the stringency of pharmaceutical and regulatory standards. Maize is the most important food crop in the w orld for people and animal due to its high quality nutrition. Maize is susceptible to both drought and waterlogging. As a grain crop with high yield potential, maize needs an adequate nutrient supply. The starch obtained from maize is processed into several additives, agents and ingredients such as sorbic acid, sorbitol, dextrine, and lactic acid.
It is now universally admitted that maize or indian com is a native of america. Maize milling technologies food fortification initiative. Additionally, pharmaceutical proteins are stable in corn maize and can be expressed in large. Maize has multiple uses, including for human foods, animal feeds, and the manufacture of pharmaceutical and industrial products. This species probably originated in a wild state in the tropical south america. How to write a maize farming business plan sample template. On average however, zambia has been producing more and more maize every year for the last eight years. Growing maize on heavy, claytype soils is probably the biggest handicap to trying to get the best out of this crop because of the difficulty in creating the correct seedbed in the spring. Maize contains approximately 72% starch, 10% protein, and 4% fat, supplying an energy density of 365 kcal100 g and is grown throughout the world, with the united states, china, and brazil being the top three. The production and processing are two important activities in the maize value chain. Maize or makka or corn crop cultivation guide maize. The wateruse efficiency of maize is approximately double that of c.
Introduction maize zea mays l is the most important and most widely distributed cereal in the world after wheat and rice. Maize farming corn information detailed guide agri farming. Sep 14, 2017 maize cultivation package of practice duration. The environmental impact of maize cultivation in the european union.
Agronomically, maize in china is classified into two major types, spring and summer maize. Producing high maize yields on existing cultivated land is the surest way of generating the extrarequired maize because there is limited scope for expanding cultivated land. In germany, 78% of the maizecultivated acreage is maize for silage, 16% is. Packageofpractices for profitable maize cultivation cimmyt. Almond oil extraction method, process, machine cost. These are used in the manufacture of common household items such. Maize or corn can be cultivated successfully in a variety of soils ranging from clay loam to sand loamy to black cotton soil.
Dent corn dent corn is farm animals and more gluten of kernel tone to egg and mea from the production point of corn gives a g resistance period variety nutrients limates the suitable climate for well growth and development of. Most maize is used as silage for animal feed, especially for dairy cattle, but increasingly maize is being grown as an energy crop for anaerobic digesters ad that are subsidised. Chemical composition of the maize kernel components % carbohydrates 84,0 protein 10,9 fat 4,5 minerals 1,3 table 1. Maize cannot tolerate frost and hence it is a kharif crop sown just before the monsoons arrive in india. Maize zea mays is today the most widely grown grain crop, with global production standing at just over one billion tons. Maize stalks are also used as fuel wood and for construction purposes. It can totally meet the different needs of the market. May 16, 2019 ideal conditions for maize cultivation in india. Maize zea mays, also called corn, is believed to have originated in central mexico 7000 years ago from a wild grass, and native americans transformed maize into a better source of food. Current maize production, postharvest losses and the risk of mycotoxins contamination in tanzania abstract agriculture is the backbone of tanzanian economy. Growing maize in nigeria choice of land any well drained sandy loam or loamy soil can be used for planting maize but if in doubt, contact your nearest extension office or agroservice center. A maize plant uses sunlight as an energy source to produce carbohydrates, protein and oil, which are stored as grain. Maize is an inferior grain which is used both as food and fodder.
Maize milling business plan sample imvubu holdings. Another advantage of instant maize meal is the increased shelf life. Maize production system book this site belongs to indian institute. Droughts and occasional floods along some of zambias main rivers do occur which can impact national maize production negatively. Maize farming and production business in africa is a highpotential opportunity for the continent. It is widely eaten in various forms and more than 900 million africans depend on maize every year because it is often cheaper than.
I hope i have covered the all informative details for maize cultivation process in india. Preface maize production in india has increased at 4. Maize also known as corn in some countries is one of the most common and important food crops across africa. For a better yield of the maize crop, you may require a two hand wedding. Therefore, for higher economic yield of maize, application of 10 t fym ha1, 1015 days prior to sowing supplemented with 150180 kg n, 7080 kg p2o5, 7080 kg. The presence of a dark colored layer at the base of the maize grain is also an indicator for the appropriate time of harvest for silage production. Global scenario the total area under maize cultivation in the world is 9 million hectares with a production of 598 million mt. These two areas are presented in two different sections in this chapter. The best methods of maize cultivation are conventional, conservation, reduced tillage and polyculture planting. Successful maize production depends on the correct application of production inputs that will sustain the environment as well as agricultural production.
Maize cultivation corn process, profit and information. In most types of maize production, crop rotations are used to maintain the soil over a long period. The cultivation and harvesting of maize in india maize. In the case of maize milling the cutoff point needs to be clarified based on official status of mills registered or not with regulatory bodies such as fda, bureau of standards, etc. The most adequate moment for harvest of maize during the vegetation is the so called wax ripening phase of the maize grain. History of kenyan maize production, marketing and policies lilian kirimi. You must remove extra weed around maize plants after 20 to 25 days of sowing. On a daily basis, we can access from maize about 66. History of kenyan maize production, marketing and policies. Jul 26, 2018 one of the most reliable is longterm yield data collected by individual farmers, as this reflects the inherent yield of the specific environment, as well as the effect of agronomic practices such as fertilisation, soil cultivation and plant density. Pakanyi brain injury group 1 name of proposal maize farming project maize production. Maize and cowpea rows intercropping exhibited a good performance in term of accelerating maize growth process as opposite to maize monoculture p maize cowpea strip intercropping parcels. Crop diversification through maize based cropping systems.
Maize remains a key food crop in africa, latin america and asia where it is primarily used as human food. Maize is widely cultivated throughout the world, and a greater weight of maize is produced each year than any other grain. Mar 20, 2014 the special issue is the responsibility of the editorial staff of annals of the new york academy of sciences, who delegated to the coordinators preliminary supervision of both technical conformity to the publishing requirements of annals of the new york academy of sciences and general oversight of the scientific merit of each article. Sep 11, 2017 through a participatory planning process, along with leaders from shgs, cbos e. It can produce different size of maize grits, and maize flour from 30 to 120 mesh. Maize is popularly known as corn and is one of the most versatile emerging cereal cash crops having wider adaptability under variety of climatic conditions. Pdf maize has become one of the most important food and feed crops. Maize has been identified as having a large potential for growth in production and profit for most farmers maize is the most widely grown crop in the americas with 332 million metric tons grown annually in the united states alone although 40% of the crop million tons. Jica project t s second main food crops after p fertilizer proper quality. For a better yield of maize, one should consider soils with good organic matter content having high water holding capacity.
Maize is produced under diverse ecological conditions in different parts of the country. It starts by the cleaning of the maize and ends by its grinding and sieving into flour. Cultivation on marginal crop lands is, however, not recommended. Maize production, processing and products ch10 applied sc, allied physical and chemical sc. The crop can be grown in various soils and weather conditions. Maize production in the north west province mmidi tswana maize is the main staple food of the majority of south africans and is produced widely on a small scale as well as commercially. Much of maize production is concentrated in the slope long narrow regions from northeast to southwest, which is called the chinese corn belt. Name of implementing pakanyi brain injury group organization contact address co p. In andes its cultivation goes back to prehistoric time. Wheat comes in second at about 750 million tons, and rice third at about 480 million tons.
Rice, maize, millet, sorghum, wheat cereal crops prepared by. Pdf global maize production, utilization, and consumption. The raw materials for this process are water and mineral nutrients from the soil, and carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Introduction maize being the highest yielding cereal crop in the world is a significant importance for countries like pakistan, where rapidly increasing population has already out stripped the available food supplies. It accounts for about onethird of the gross domestic product gdp, provides 85 percent of all exports and saves as a livelihood to over 80 percent of the total population. Its grain provides food and is used for obtaining starch and glucose. The maize flour production process is mechanical and consists of several processes. As production and diversification of maize increases, industrial use of maize will also become important in the country. Maize can be grown under varied climatic and soil conditions. Nafziger encyclopedia of life support systems eolss 1.
Grow ornamental, sweet or supersweet corn from seed kernels and enjoy one of americas favorite food staples. Global maize production, utilization, and consumption. Pdf a working manual on cultivation of maize in the summer. Pdf intercropping agricultural practices by improving maize. Current maize production, postharvest losses and the risk of. The word maize derives from the spanish form of the indigenous taino word for the plant, maiz. In the indian market, maize or corns are very demanded. Land preparation use any method mechanical, chemical and manual that can adequately remove weeds and keep the soil loose for good seedbed. Maize grows best on deep, welldrained, fertile soils, and where total seasonal rainfall exceeds 500 mm. Regional workshop on an integrated policy approach to commercializing smallholder maize production.